The tongue diagnosis of TCM has enjoyed a distant history, which can be proved by records of tongue inspection for analyzing diseases in the Inner Canon of the Yellow Emperor (Huangdi Neijing) and Treatise on Cold Pathogenic Diseases (Shanghan Lun). Tongue inspection is one of the basic means of diagnosis in TCM. The Ao's Records of Golden Mirror on Cold Pathogenic Diseases (Aoshi Shanghan Jinjing Lu) finished in 1341 is one of the most famous books on tongue diagnosis. The book points out that our tongue can present three colors, reddish, red and blue, while the coating of tongue can be pale, yellow, gray and dark. Changes such as red thorn and crack can happen to the surface of tongue, and the nature of tongue may vary among dryness, smoothness, unsmoothness and thorniness. The descriptions above have basically covered all major pathological changes.
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